贷款术语中英文对照表
买房贷款过程里会碰到一堆中英文夹杂的术语，很多人搞不清「转贷」和「再融资」是不是一回事、「加按」到底指什么。这份表把常见的24个术语，中文名、常用别名、英文名、英文别名和一句话解释放在一起，方便对照查——这份表也是网站上其它文章解释术语时统一指向的版本，同一个词到哪篇文章看到，解释都是一样的。
最后更新：2026-09-01
反向按揭 (反向抵押贷款) / Reverse Mortgage
55岁以上房主用房屋净值换现金，不用卖房也不用每月还款。
Homeowners 55+ borrow against home equity with no monthly payments.
再融资 (转贷、加按) / Refinance
用一笔新贷款换掉现有房贷，通常为了更低利率或套出净值。
Replacing your current mortgage with a new one, often for a better rate or cash.
套现再融资 (套现) / Cash-Out Refinance
再融资时贷款额高于原欠款，多出部分以现金拿到手。
Refinancing for more than you owe and taking the difference in cash.
房屋净值信用额度 (HELOC) / HELOC (Home Equity Line of Credit)
用房屋净值抵押的循环信用额度，随用随还，像信用卡。
A revolving credit line secured by home equity — borrow and repay as needed.
房屋净值 / Home Equity
房产市值减去还没还清的贷款余额，是你名下真正的资产。
Your home's market value minus what you still owe on it.
房贷续约 (续约、续贷) / Mortgage Renewal
合同期到期后，跟原银行或新银行重新签一份利率和条款。
Signing new rate and terms when your current mortgage term ends.
自雇收入 (申报收入) / Self-Employed Income (Stated Income)
银行看你报税表上的净收入，不是银行账户里的实际进账。
Lenders assess your net income on tax returns, not actual cash flow.
压力测试 / Stress Test
银行按比你实付利率更高的假设利率，测你能不能扛得住。
Banks qualify you at a higher hypothetical rate than you'll actually pay.
最优惠利率 / Prime Rate
银行给最优质客户的基准利率，浮动房贷利率跟着它涨跌。
The benchmark rate banks use; variable mortgage rates move with it.
触发利率 / Trigger Rate
固定月供的浮动利率贷款里，月供不再够付利息的临界利率。
The rate at which your fixed payment no longer covers the interest owed.
固定月供浮动利率贷款 (VRM) / VRM (Variable Rate Mortgage (fixed payment))
利率会变但月供金额不变，利率涨了会先吃掉还本金部分。
Rate floats but payment stays fixed; a rate hike eats into principal first.
利率差额补偿金 (IRD) / IRD (Interest Rate Differential)
提前解约固定利率贷款时，按利率差额算的一种违约金。
A penalty for breaking a fixed mortgage early, based on the rate gap.
混合型房贷 / Hybrid Mortgage (Combination Mortgage)
一笔贷款里同时有固定和浮动两部分，各占一定比例。
One mortgage split into a fixed-rate portion and a variable-rate portion.
摊还期 / Amortization
按当前还款节奏，把整笔房贷全部还清需要的总年数。
The total number of years needed to fully pay off the mortgage.
合同期 (Term) / Term
当前这份利率和条款生效的年限，到期后要续约或转贷。
How long your current rate and terms lock in before renewal is needed.
房贷可携带 (Port贷款) / Porting a Mortgage
换房时把现有房贷条款带到新房子上，不用违约解约。
Moving your existing mortgage terms to a new home without breaking it.
提前还款违约金 (解约金) / Prepayment Penalty
提前多还或解约要付的费用，取三月利息和IRD两者较高者。
The fee for paying early — the greater of 3 months' interest or the IRD.
贷款成数 (LTV) / LTV (Loan-to-Value)
贷款额占房产价值的比例，数字越高代表首付比例越少。
Loan amount as a percentage of the property's value.
收入负债比率 (GDS/TDS) / GDS/TDS Ratio
收入里能花在住房/全部负债上的比例上限，银行用它卡额度。
The maximum share of income banks allow for housing and total debt.
商业房贷 / Commercial Mortgage
用于购买/持有商业物业（店面、写字楼等）的贷款。
A loan for buying or holding commercial property like retail or office space.
B类贷款 (私人贷款) / B-Lender (Private Lending)
不满足大银行条件时，转向门槛更松、利率更高的贷款渠道。
Lenders with looser criteria and higher rates when banks say no.
房贷违约保险 (CMHC保险) / Mortgage Default Insurance (CMHC Insurance)
首付低于20%时强制买的保险，保护的是银行不是你。
Mandatory insurance below 20% down — it protects the lender, not you.
首付款 (首期) / Down Payment
买房时自己先付的那部分钱，剩下的才是贷款额。
The upfront cash you pay; the rest is what you borrow.
合法出租套间 (Legal Suite) / Legal Suite
符合市政规范、可以合法出租的独立套间，租金能算进收入。
A municipally-compliant rental suite whose income can count toward qualifying.